[Technical posts] Automotive interior plastic trends and low VOCs improvement

Abstract: It is pointed out that the automotive interior plastic is moving toward the trend of green, environmental protection and low toxicity and low harm, such as spray-free plastic, modified plastic, bioplastic, chemical self-destruct plastics and inorganic nanocomposites. For the automotive interior commonly used plastic types of PVC, PP, ABS, POM, PC, Polyurethane (PU), describes an improved method to reduce the amount of volatile VOCs.

Keywords: interior plastic; low VOCs; improvement method

1 Introduction

Plastic as a major component of automotive interior, the impact of its volatile VOCs VOCs on the vehicle can not be underestimated. Especially in plastic production, molding process used in plasticizers, flame retardants, mold release agents, etc., contains a large number of benzene, toluene and other harmful substances, easily left in the plastic products and released inside, as a result of air pollution inside the car The culprit. In order to fundamentally solve the problem of excessive levels of volatile hazardous substances in the car, all enterprises need to strengthen the control of VOCs sources and develop low VOCs plastics or effective alternative materials. At present, the automotive interior plastic is moving towards the green, environmental protection, healthy development trend. Spray-free plastics, bioplastics, organic-inorganic nanocomposites will be more widely used due to their low VOCs, salt and alkali resistance, abrasion resistance and other properties.

2 car interior plastic trends

2.1 spray-free plastic

Spray-free plastic injection product is the final product, eliminating the need for surface pretreatment, painting, drying and other work, reduce the cost of about 40%. In the preparation of spray-free plastic, should pay attention to the following aspects: Select high-gloss, scratch-resistant, corrosion-resistant raw materials; pay attention to the mold pouring port, exhaust, surface polishing design; development of new colors to better To replace the painting parts.

2.2 biological plastic

Bio-plastic is the original ecological plants as raw materials, such as sugar cane, corn, etc., under the action of microorganisms generated plastic. Commonly used plastics commonly used synthetic petroleum products, there will often be incomplete reaction of small molecules harmful substances. The bioplastics due to the use of low toxicity and low toxicity of renewable raw materials, so it will be prepared into automobile interior parts will greatly reduce the amount of volatile VOCs in the car. In addition, this bioplastic can be decomposed and is conducive to subsequent recycling, is a more environmentally friendly plastic species.

2.3 organic - inorganic nanocomposites

Organic - inorganic nano-composite organic polymer matrix and inorganic nano-powder blending, sol-gel methods such as a combination of a general term for the material. Such materials can be used to prepare high strength, heat resistance, UV resistant interior parts. Due to the addition of non-toxic, chemically stable inorganic components, greatly reducing the residual VOCs of plastic itself, and fundamentally solve the problem of volatile VOCs.

3 car interior plastic low VOCs improvement methods

In terms of the current level and technology, it is still very difficult to achieve large-scale production of new plastics. The following for several commonly used types of plastics, combined with the existing mature technology, given the corresponding improvement measures to achieve the purpose of rapid reduction of volatile noxious gas content.

3.1 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

PVC is cheap and widely used, making it one of the largest plastic products in the world. Mainly used in the car interior parts for the preparation of seat fabrics, carpets, ceilings and the like. At this stage, from the following aspects of PVC low VOCs technology improvements.

(1) heat stabilizer selection. PVC in the process of processing without adding heat stabilizer, PVC molecules can easily be degraded into small molecules volatile hazardous substances, it is necessary to add heat stabilizers to inhibit its decomposition. PVC for different products need to choose different types of stabilizers, in order to achieve better inhibition of the purpose of small molecules decomposition: ① transparent products, do not use lead salt as a heat stabilizer, select platinum, calcium and other metal soap And organic antimony, organic tin and other heat stabilizers. ② opaque products, the choice of high-performance phosphite, organic weak acid salts and hydrotalcite as a stabilizer.

(2) in the preparation of high apparent density polyvinyl chloride resin, the use of temperature polymerization process to improve the reactor capacity and shorten the polymerization time, the reaction process at each stage to maximize the reduction of non-reactive small molecule harmful Material residue.